William Shakespeare s The Dream Of The Rood, Beowulf, And...

All literature evolves throughout time due to the changes in culture and lifestyle of the society during a particular era. Authors are influenced by the beliefs of the nation, events, struggles, and politics of the time period. These influences can be clearly or subtly shown in the works of those authors of the age. The British culture is one of the many types that reflects such rich history and customs packed into its literature. The foundation of much British literature that integrated the convention of British civilization came during the Medieval Period. The Medieval stories of â€Å"The Dream of the Rood,† Beowulf, and The Canterbury Tales contained some of the British culture concerning gender, religion, and the view of heroes. One aspect of British culture of the Medieval times was the stereotypes of gender and certain expectations in gender roles. For example, the poet of â€Å"The Dream of the Rood† used masculine and feminine language to show position of power (masculine) and powerlessness (feminine). Christ and the Cross shift back and forth between having power and not; both being weakened and defeated by an opposing force, but then rising up to gain honor and victory. The Cross was demoted to the status of a woman and shamed for being â€Å"[h]elpless and unable to act on his own volition [and] must perform according to the dictates of his captors† (Hawkins) when the enemy put Christ on the Cross. It reflects the belief that women or even feminine men are weak, cowardly, and

The Culture Of British Life - 2486 Words

Having only studied the culture of British life for the one term that I have been living in London I have been able to capture a vivid depiction of what it means to be British over a short period of time. Furthermore, as a junior level ethnographer, I understand that in a universal realm the study of accounts for general human life can be applied worldwide. Though being able to scope out the lifestyles, cultural differences, and fundamental basis for living has allowed for me to understand the multitude of accounts of British life and what it may truly mean to be British. With the blueprint of what I have learned so far as an ethnographer, and secondly as a temporary British citizen, I believe that ethnography absolutely produces adequate accounts of British Life. After exploring the loads of questions that I came across following the prompt. I then had to ask myself â€Å"What does it mean to be an ethnographer?†. In order to successfully explain the importance of the role, one needs to know the duties and the purpose for the position of an ethnographer. An ethnographer is in many ways an expansion of an Anthropologist, though from a more theoretical interpretation of studies. The role of an ethnographer has been explained as, â€Å"one who uses both a qualitative research process or method and product, whose aim is cultural interpretation†(Brian A. Hoey). In understanding the mission of an ethnographer I have been able to focus on the three mainstages of human life in order to getShow MoreRelatedThe Winds Of Singaporean Culture1691 Words   |  7 PagesThe Winds of Singaporean Culture Jonathan Lin Eng 1D1 Dec 31,2015 Ms.Webster Imagine being a British man or European man (or a close friend of one) in Singapore, 1941, living the luxurious life and having everything that one could dream of. One has an easy job and easy life, you are paid huge sums of money and you are filthy rich, you have servants to do your housework and best of all, all the girls flock to you whenever they can. However, imagine all of this is suddenly taken awayRead MoreEssay on UK described in 6 Hofstede dimensions1027 Words   |  5 Pagessecond-largest urban area in the European Union 3. The culture of the United Kingdom is the pattern of human activity and symbolism associated with the United Kingdom and its people. The UK has been described as a cultural superpower, and London has been described as a world cultural capital. If we explore the British culture through the lens of the 6-D Model, we can get a good overview of the deep drivers of British culture relative to other world cultures. Let us consider each dimension. 4. Power distance Read More The Death of Indian Culture Exposed in The Jewel In the Crown1315 Words   |  6 PagesDeath of Indian Culture Exposed in The Jewel In the Crown      Ã‚   The Jewel in the Crown, by Paul Scott, is a postcolonial novel about the realism of the interracial love affair between Daphne Manners and Hari Kumar, the subsequent rape of Daphne Manners, and the after effects on British and Indian relations. At a time when British and Indian affairs were strained, at best, the rape of Miss Manners is significantly metaphoric of the British rape of Indian land and culture. British colonial sentimentRead MoreWole Soyinka: Death and the Kings Horseman1695 Words   |  7 Pagesconflict, save for the one involving culture. Certainly this may seem the most obvious part of the play, but we would do the general understanding of uDeath/u a disservice if we ignored one of the central conflicts in the play. 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Certainly this may seem the most obvious part of the play, but we would do the general understanding of Death a disservice if we ignored one of the central conflicts in the play. Every element of the play is placed in terms of two extremes, and the cultures must be considered one of those pairs. Suicide is no exception to this examination; it must be seen in the conflicting lights that Soyinka gives us: British vs. Yoruban, physical vs. metaphysicalRead MoreThe People Of The British Empire1710 Words   |  7 Pagespeople of the British Empire often saw their colonisation of other lands as a ‘civilising mission’ – an act to bring ‘civilised’ society – that is, their own culture – to the colonised people, who were often referred to as ‘savages’. This was believed for a variety of reasons, including the notion that the British way of life was superior to others, and that it was therefore in the colonised people’s best interests, the belief that a lack of technology was synonymous with a lack of culture, and someRead MoreContemporary British Cinemas Representations of the Post-Colonial Diaspora of India1802 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Question: How does contemporary British cinema represent the post-colonial diaspora of India? During the Age of Imperialism, Britain established many colonies. One of its dominions was the British Raj in India. Throughout this period Britain ruled India which caused many of the cultures to intermix. Now, in modern day, many films are made about the effects of Britain and India’s cultural interchange. Many British auteurs focus on the cultural effects of this time period on the new generationRead MoreEssay on The Deportation of Acadians1408 Words   |  6 Pagescontinued their formal lifestyle by farming, fishing and maintaining a close family oriented culture in Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick. The Acadians had created a prosperous agriculture economy up until the late eighteenth century, when there was a colonial struggle in power between the French and the British. British had conquered Port Royal and the Acadians refused to recognize British rule, wanting to keep their religious freedom and not wanting to be obliged to bearsRead Mo reChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart952 Words   |  4 PagesWhen outsiders encounter a culture unlike their own they tend to make misconceptions about that culture. The British see the Igbo culture as dark and gory. Achebe sees it as a fully functioning society. The Nigerian community may seem odd and not functional when in actuality it is functional. For a society to be functional, it must have a culture as well as properties of a civilization. The British judge it as dysfunctional, but this is irrelevant to whether the society truly is or isn’t functional

The Colonists After The American Revolution - 1859 Words

The freedoms and opportunities enjoyed by the colonists after the American Revolution were not simply established as much as they were fought tooth and nail for. The colonists between the 15th and 18th century faced much turmoil in which they had to overcome in order to become the success they sought after. Many of these freedoms and opportunities came at a cost to other people and cultures as the colonists paved their way to a new society. To gain full benefits of their freedoms, the colonists would also have to explore new ideals to shape the way they run their lives in order to be true successes. These successions can be tied back to the first Native American treaties. In 1492, Christopher Columbus sailed west and found himself on the shores of a new world. His mission was to secure new land for Spain. Other European countries heard of his findings, they too crossed the ocean in hopes of securing new opportunities in this newly discovered land such as fur trading and gold mining. Little did they know that a community of indigenous people had already settled in this land thousands of years before. The Europeans decided to negotiate with the natives in order to set up their own communities in the land but the Native Americans held beliefs about society and religion that were far different from their European peers. Europeans thought the Indians to be â€Å"Noble Savages, gentle and friendly, but uncivilized, brutal, and barbaric† (citation). They could not see past their ownShow MoreRelatedWhy The Colonists Become American After The Revolution?1348 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversy over when the British colonists become American. Is it before the American Revolution? During the American? Or after the American Revolution? Besides these questions there are also questions regarding what an American is and when it comes to the Civil War who were the Americans? 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Corporate Social Responsibility Practices †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is The Corporate Social Responsibility Practices? Answer: Introduction 'Corporate social responsibility strengthens corporate reputation and performance This essay is based on the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the business operations. From many years, CSR is the important part of the business activities. There are many companies which are dedicated towards such activities. Such kinds of activities create values for the shareholders in the company as well as focuses on the various groups of stakeholders. Along with this, by the CSR activities, those companies are able to improve their value in the market (Arora Rana, 2010). By various researches, CSR activities are positively related to the companys value and the performance of the company. The relation between the CSR practices and the companys value is quite uncertain and unclear. It might be because there is the lack of understanding related to the channels by which the CSR practices affect the value of the company. There are many theoretical models which assume that there is the direct connection between the companys value and CSR activities. The aim of t his essay is to explore the relationship of companys value and its performance with the CSR in the company. The value of the company is based on the ability of the CSR activities to influence the group of stakeholders in the company (Bird, Moment Reggiani, 2012). CSR and companys value Defining CSR- Before providing the detail of CSR activities in any business, it is important to understand the concept of CSR in the company. Baron (2001) stated that corporate social responsibility is an incompletely defined concept. A broad definition of CSR is given by World Business Council for Sustainable Development i.e. CSR is the kind of promise of a company to contribute for the ecological development, working with the people, and the local society to improve the quality of life (Bird et al, 2007). The definition depicts the accountability of any company towards the environment, treatment of the employees, the society and the human rights. Basically, CSR is concerned about the various groups of stakeholders. CSR is the important factor which ensures the growth of a company in terms of sustainability which is the basic concept of growth. CSR is the commitment of the companies including the external citizen of the community, stakeholders, legal agreements and regulations (Groening Kanuri, 2013). It includes the legal, ethnic, economic and environmental management by the company. CSR is the essential concept which makes sure that the companies must be responsible for the impact of stakeholders which is the obligation from the company. Under CSR activities, the companies should do their work with justice, accountability and the efforts to develop and improve the quality of the lives of the staff as well as the society (Cordeiro Tewari, 2014). A study done by Larsen (2001) stated that consumers are always interested in the companies having environmental protection activities, CSR and ethics in the business operations. There are four responsible dimensions in the CSR practices i.e. legal, ethical, economic and philanthropic responsibility. There are two different views regarding CSR i.e. classical view and stakeholder view. In the classical view, the CSR activities are based on the neoclassical economic theory which includes economic profit making terms and focuses on the profit maximization of the stakeholders. On the other hand, stakeholder view is based on the stakeholder theory including social responsibility of the company which is required to understand the interests of all the stakeholders by the actions. So, it is understood that CSR is the effective practice for the companies to improve their value and the performance in the operating market as the customers always consider those companies which exercise CSR practices for the welfare of the society. Role of CSR in enhancing corporate reputation Based on past and recent researches, it is clear that corporate reputation is the base of getting competitive advantage in the market and this is the strategic success factor for the company. Reputation cannot be defined easily as it is based on various factors i.e. stakeholders views, expectations from the companys performance and intension. Having good reputation in the market is essential for the growth of the company. Corporate reputation is one of the most valued assets and it has importance in the growth of the company and its performance (Jacobs, Singhal Subramanian, 2010). Corporate reputation and the financial performance of the company have direct relation with each other. There are various studies which have confirmed that improved brand and corporate reputation is one of the most important motivations in the CSR practices. According to Wang (2003), business reputation plays an important role in terms of strategic marketing and the markets because service quality is important factor to attract the customers. Corporate status can influence the behaviors of the employees in the company. So, reputation can be described as the important feature of the company which differentiate one company form another in the operating market. A strong and positive corporate reputation is the important competitive advantage in terms of product differentiation. The reputation of the company is one of the most crucial aspects which are associated with the CSR practices. The consumers, suppliers and the society generally want to stay connected with the CSR practices in the company. The high level of motivation and the stakeholder concerns provide the outcome of good citizenship. The overall effect of CSR practices is based on the corporate social performance which impacts the reputation of the company in the society. Connecting the corporate reputation with the CSR practices, many researchers have realized that the companies are able to improve the brand and corporate image in the society which are the important parts of the corporate reputation. Along with this, having good brand name, companies are able to support social causes by the ethical business practices. By focusing on the stakeholders impact, companies can also improve the reputation in the society. Basically, the reputation and the success of the company depend upon demand of the stakeholders and meeting their expectations in the business. So, according to Donaldson and Preston (1995), CSR is the essential for building and enhancing the reputation of the firm. For instance, Barmer and Prevelin (2006) stated that having positive reputation, a company can make the stakeholders in the CSR practices. To get higher profit and to survive in the market for long-term basis, company should have higher reputation in the market. CSR is the most essential component of the reputation which builds up trust and goodwill among the group of stakeholders. Having good corporate policy in terms of environmental sustainability, a company is able to attract the stakeholders in the business. The initiatives of the company towards environmental protection are not accountable for the society but also improve the performance of the company by an improved image. The ecologically appealing actions by the company i.e. reduced emissions can be able to enhance the image of the company and attract the customers. So, it is clear that company is able to enhance its image and reputation by adopting environmental friendly activities or focusing on costly environmental practices in the business operations. Role of CSR in companys performance The various researches have mentioned that there is the positive relationship between companys performance and CSR activities. Many studies provide support to the existence of CSR practices in the business. The concept of CSR practice is not new in the companies. Most of the developed countries are aware about the CSR issues and they are concerned about that. The studies found that there is the positive relationship between the CSR and the companys performance. Having social responsibility, some companies have better results in terms of business performance. Companies can get better social responsibility by identifying and resolving the social issues which are closely related to the company. By focusing on the ethical responsibility, the company is able to get a better level of business performance. Social responsibility adopted by the companies can be described as the opportunity to gain good results in the business operations so; the companies have to implement all those activities which are in the welfare of the society. If an organization wants to adopt the practices related to social responsibility, then the organization will not only work for its employees, workers, clients, suppliers and society but also provide benefit to the environment surrounding to the organization (Amini Bienstock, 2014). There are two major theories which have supported the relationship between the performance and corporate social responsibility. Those theories are stakeholder theory and social exchange theory. Stakeholder theory provides the relationship of CSR practices with the relevant stakeholders such as employees, customers, shareholders and wealth maximization of the shareholders. According to Gherghina (2015), the instrumental stakeholder theory argued that there is the positive relationship between the value of the company and corporate social responsibility. Having ability of the company to be involved in the corporate social responsibilities, company is able to make the society to view the company in terms of good image and good reputation. Along with this, the theory explains that shareholders are connected with the company based on the returns provided by the company (Kansal Joshi, 2014). Thus, the stakeholder theory connects the shareholders and the society with the corporate performa nce. Further, the social exchange theory describes that the people in the society purchases from the companies and the companies can provide the values by engaging in the CSR activities and programs. So, the theories on the CSR practices explain the relationship between the CSR practices with the companys value and performance in the society. Thus, the engagement of the company in the corporate social responsibility has positively affects the value and performance of the company. Further, the CSR practices are also affects the financial performance of the company among the customers (Aras, Aybars Kutlu, 2010). It is the fact that the companies are the essential part of the society and the business activities of the company always impact the social and environmental groups within the specific community. By the CSR practices, companies are able to prevent the society form the harmful problems (Orlitzky, 2013). By the commitments, companies are able to solve the social and environmental problems to improve the quality of the life of the society. Because of these reasons, the companies having socially responsible behavior are acceptable everywhere in the society and they are able to improve their efficiency among the customers. From the many researches, it is observed that the companies which are generating the biggest profit in the business are more accountable and liable towards society and have greater value and improved performance in the society (Flammer, 2015). Conclusion The objective of this essay is to explore the importance of the CSR practices in the business to improve the performance as well as companys value in the society. Form the above analysis; it is observed that CSR is the important factor which ensures the growth of a company in terms of sustainability which is the basic concept of growth. It is understood that CSR is the essential concept which makes sure that the companies must be responsible for the impact of stakeholders which is the obligation from the company. CSR is becoming mandatory for the companies. Along with this, CSR is also important factor for enhancing the value of the company in the community as having good brand name; companies are able to support social causes by the ethical business practices. The reputation and the success of the company depend upon demand of the stakeholders and meeting their expectations in the business so many researchers have argued that to get higher profit and to survive in the market for lon g-term basis; company should have higher reputation in the market. Further, it is analyzed that, there is the positive relationship between the companys performance, value and the CSR practices as the customers always consider those companies which have socially responsible behavior. Thus, by CSR actions, companies are able to improve the brand and corporate image in the society which are the important parts of the corporate reputation. There are two theories which have provided in the support in the relationship of the CSR and the firms performance. So, in conclusion it can be said that having the CSR practices, companies are able to prevent the society form the harmful problems. References Aras, G., Aybars, A. Kutlu, O. (2010). Managing corporate performance: investigating the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance in emerging markets: International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. 59(3). pp.229254 Arora, D. Rana, A.G., (2010). Corporate and consumer social responsibility: a way for value based system: Aims International Conference on Value-Based Management Bird, R., Hall, D.A., Moment, F. Reggiani, F., (2007). What corporate social responsibility activities are valued by the market: Journal of Business Ethics. 76Bird, R., Moment, F. Reggiani, F., (2012). The market acceptance of corporate social responsibility: a comparison across six countries/regions: Australian Journal of Management. 37(2). pp.153168 Cordeiro, J.J. Tewari, M., (2014). Firm characteristics, industry context, and investor reactions to environmental CSR: a stakeholder theory approach: Journal of Business Ethics. 130(4), pp.833849 Flammer, C. (2015). Does corporate social responsibility lead to superior financial performance? A regression discontinuity approach: Management Science. 61(11). pp.25492568 Groening, C. Kanuri, V.K., (2013). Investor reaction to positive and negative corporate social events: Journal of Business Research. 66(10). pp.18521860 Jacobs, B.W., Singhal, V.R. Subramanian, R. (2010). An empirical investigation of environmental performance and the market value of the firm: Journal of Operations Management. 28(5). pp.430441 Kansal, M. Joshi, M. (2014). Perceptions of investors and stockbrokers on corporate social responsibility: a stakeholder perspective from India: Knowledge and Process Management. 21(3). pp.167176 Orlitzky, M. (2013). Corporate social responsibility, noise, and stock market volatility: Academy of Management Perspectives. Vol. 27(3). pp.238254 Amini, M. Bienstock C.C. (2014). Corporate sustainability: an integrative definition and framework to evaluate corporate practice and guide academic research: Journal of Cleaner Production. 76(1)